A mammogram is a specialised X-ray examination of the breast used to detect abnormalities, including breast cancer, at an early stage. It can identify tiny lumps or calcifications long before they become noticeable through self-examination or cause symptoms. Early detection often leads to more treatment options and improved outcomes.
Regular mammography is recommended for many women as part of preventive healthcare, especially those over a certain age or with an increased risk of breast cancer. Your doctor may also recommend a mammogram if you experience symptoms such as a breast lump, nipple discharge, persistent pain, or changes in breast shape or skin.
During your appointment, a trained mammography technologist will position each breast on the imaging machine and gently compress it for a few seconds while the X-ray images are taken. The compression is necessary to produce clear images while using the lowest possible radiation dose.
The entire examination usually takes around 20 to 30 minutes, with the imaging itself lasting only a few minutes. Most women experience mild discomfort during compression, but it is brief. After the test, a radiologist reviews the images, and your healthcare provider will discuss the results and any recommended next steps if additional imaging is needed.
Women with no symptoms may benefit from routine screening mammograms based on their age, family history, and individual risk factors. Those with a strong family history of breast cancer, genetic predisposition, or previous breast conditions may need to begin screening earlier or undergo additional imaging.
Mammography is also recommended for individuals experiencing symptoms such as a breast lump, nipple discharge, skin dimpling, or persistent breast pain. Your healthcare provider will evaluate your medical history and recommend the most appropriate screening schedule based on your personal risk profile.
On the day of your appointment, avoid using deodorant, antiperspirant, lotions, powders, or perfumes on your chest or underarms, as these products can interfere with image quality. Wear a comfortable two-piece outfit, as you will be asked to undress from the waist up for the examination.
If you have had previous mammograms at another facility, inform your healthcare provider so those images can be compared with your new study. It is also helpful to mention any breast symptoms, implants, prior surgeries, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding before the examination begins.
